A large systematic review of 59 studies involving more than 2 million people found that certain popular nonalcoholic drinks may be associated with depression and anxiety, while coffee showed a different pattern. Sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, carbonated drinks, energy drinks, artificially sweetened beverages and bubble tea were associated with higher depression risk, while bubble tea and carbonated drinks were also linked to anxiety. In contrast, higher coffee consumption was inversely associated with depression, although it was not significantly linked to anxiety. The strongest associations were observed among adolescents. However, most studies were observational or cross-sectional, meaning they cannot prove that these drinks directly cause mental health problems. More research is needed before specific dietary recommendations can be made.
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