Medicinal leeches have a long history in healthcare, and modern research is uncovering the bioactive molecules behind their effects. Their saliva contains compounds such as hirudin, which directly inhibits thrombin, an enzyme essential for blood clot formation. Other molecules interfere with platelet activity and inflammatory processes, offering potential leads for drug development. Today, medical leeches are used in reconstructive surgery to relieve venous congestion and help preserve tissue while new blood vessels develop. Researchers are also investigating leech-derived compounds for potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory applications, although much of this evidence remains experimental. Live leech therapy carries risks, including infection and prolonged bleeding, so it must be performed under medical supervision.
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